Python Exception  : ValueError 

A ValueError in Python occurs when a function receives an argument of the right type but an inappropriate value.

Lets see with an example:

🧪 Converting a string input to an integer

num = int("Hello World !")

🔍 What happens?
This will raise a ValueError because "Hello World !" is a string that cannot be converted to an integer.

🧠 Another Example: Using math.sqrt with a negative number

import math 
result = math.sqrt(-1)

🔍 Why?
The math.sqrt() function expects a non-negative number. Passing -1 will raise a ValueError since square root of a negative number isn't defined in the real number system.

✅ How to handle it

We can catch and handle ValueError using a try-except block:

try: 
    num = int("hello") 
except ValueError as e: 
    print("Caught a ValueError:", e)